T

Tabloid- newspaper that is smaller has short articles, many pictures and large sensational headlines.

Taft- hartley Act- law passed by congress in 1947 that outlawed the closed shop,required unions to accept 60 day cooling off period before striking and gave power to the president to issue injunctions to stop strikes if it would hurt the nation.

Tammany Hall- democratic machine in New York City named for its headquarters on Maddison ave, established in the mid- 1800s.

Tarbell, Ida- muckraker, best known for her seering History of Standard Oil

Tariff of Abominations- name given to tariff in 1828 by angry southerners who favored free trade; priced raw materials out of American market.

Teapot Dome Scandal- secret illegal leasing of oil rich properties in Wyoming and California by Secretary of interior Albert Fall, during Warren G. Harding administration.

Teller Amendment - resolution introduced by Henry Teller of Colorado in 1898 stating the U.S. had no designs on Cuba and would withdraw troops sent there during the Spanish American War.

temperance movement- movement against use of Alcaholic beverages that started in early 1800s as effort to moderate drinking habits of the people.

Tennesse Valley Authority- public corporation created by Congress in 1933 to buy or build damns ,generate electrical power,help establish flood control and manufacture fertilizer.

Tenure of office act- act that barred the president from removing officeholders without Senate approval in 1867.

Tet Offensive- during Tet a massive offensive by North Vietnamese and the Vietcong overran the south Vietnamese cities and laid seige to the U.S. embassy in Saigon in 1968.

Third Reich- totalitarian state in Germany under Hitler.

Third World- economically underdeveloped nations of the world,particularly in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Thirteenth Amendment- amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery in the U.S. in 1865.

38th parallel- arbitrarily chosen to divide Korea in 1945;Soviets installed Communist government in industrial area north of line; Syngman Rhee, Conservative nationalist emerged in south as American sponsered ruler.

Three-fifths Compromise- during Constitutional convention in 1787, a compromise reached between northern and southern states where representation and taxation would be decided by the slave counting as 3/5 of a person.

To Kill a Mockingbird- Harper Lee's tale of Black-White relationships, murder, racism, and personal integrity.

Treaty of Gudalupe Hidalgo- treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico which ended the war in 1848. It gave the U.S. Texas, California and New Mexico and the U.S had to pay $15million and paid Mexican debt to American Citizens.

Treaty of Paris of 1783- treaty between America and Englandending the revolutionary war.

Treaty of Versialles- held in Versailles France; official end of WW1. Wilson pushed for his Fourteen Points while Europe stressed reparations from the defeated nations

trilaterialism- idea developed under Nixon that the NonCommunist world was no longer dominated by the U.S. but had three major powers America, Europe and Japan.

Tripartite Pact- defensivive pact among Germany, Italy and Japan in 1940.

Tripple Allaince- one of the two great European alliances before World War I, made up of Germany,Austria, Italy and later the Ottoman Empire.

Triple Entente- one of the two great European alliances befor World War I, between England , France and Russia.

Truman Doctrine- policy announced in 1947 by President Truman that the U.S. would support Greece and their anticommunist regime and any country that has a noncommunist government.

Truman, Harry S. - U.S. President; Vice President of FDR during WWII; responsible for the decision of using two Atomic bombs against Japan, helping to end WW II.

trunk lines- major railroad lines.

trust- a business consolidation in the 1880s and early 1890s; could operate as one giant company, control the production and prce of some commodity.

trustbusting- government’s attempts to break monopolies through antitrust suits especially under theodore Roosevelt.

Tweed Ring- a group of unscrupulous Democratic politicians led by William Tweed during 1860s and 1870s in New York City.

U

unalienable rights- rights that cannot be taken from you by any governement; rights given by God.

unconstitutional- not consistent or in accordance with the basic laws or constitution.

undeclared war- a war not legally declared by Congress; Congress has the authority to declare war. the war in Vietnam is an example of an undeclared war.

Underwood Tariff- bill passed by Congressin 1913 that lowered rates on many natural products. This was the first personal income tax.

United Farm Workers- union of migrant workers organized under Cesar Chavez in the 1960s to improve wages and benefits; organized strikes and boycotts for lettuce and grapes.

United Mine Workers- union formed in 1890 for protection of workers; 394,000 members stuck soft coal industry in 1919.

United Nations- the international organization of nations established by a permanent charter in San Francisco California in 1945 to promote peace and security.

unwritten constitution- political changes shaped by tradition or practical considerations and not provided for in the Constitution.

urban- of or pertaining to the city or city life

Urban League- national group formed in 1910 to aid the adjustment of African Americans to cities.

V
veto- right to reject bills passed by a law making body

Viet Cong- communist guerilla forces in South Vietnam during Vietnam War. Controlled by the National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam a group loyal to Ho Chi Minh.

Vietminh- communist group formed by Ho Chi Minh during World War II to promote independence.

Vietnam- southeast Asian country; 2000 year-old history; controled by France before WWII; controled by Japan during WWII: divided into North and South by the Geneva Accords; reunited into one Communist country after 1975.

Vietnamization- policy anounced during Nixon administration of gradual withdrawl of troops from Vietnam.

Volstead act- law used to enforce the 18th amendment; defined liquor as anything with 1% alchol in it.

Voting Rights of 1965- act passed by congress that banned literacy tests for use to keep blacks from voting.

W

Wade-Davis Bill- a bill passed by congress in 1864 that proposed harsh measures for the reconstruction of the southern states.

Wagner act- act passed in 1935 after the NIRA had been found unconstitutional by the Supreme court.

War Hawk- group in Congress that felt war was the only way to defend the honor of the U.S. in 1812.

War of Liberation- normally fought by one countries desire to rid itself of colonial influence; at times takes the form of a Civil War; self determination

War on poverty- President Johnsons program to combat unemployment and illeteracy in 1964.

Washington, Booker T- Afro-American leader and educator at the turn of the century; stressed self improvement and interracial cooperation.

Washington, George- America's first president, a two terms served; a native of Virginia; America's Commander during the Revolutionary War.

water rights- rights to use certain bodies of water and the water table.

welfare capitalism- capitalism where companies provide benefits for their workers in an effort to keep workers happy and productive.

Whig party- party that supported Parliament in 1834.

Wilson, Woodrow- American president during WW I; considered a Progressive president; initiated the segregation of federal office buildings; known for his Fourteen Points.

White-collar workers- people employed in clerical, proffesional or office work.

White Man's Burden- a belief which says that Anglos have a special obligation to take care of backward peoples, or individuals who lack civilizations (as defined by anglos); offen used as a justification of imperialistic policies towards other nations; a poem by Rudyard Kipling.

Wilmot Proviso- prohibited slavery in any territory purchased from Mexico in 1846.

workmens's compenstion- law requiring employers to pay a worker who is injured as a result of their employment.

Womens Movement-name often associated with Women's quest for full economicm, social, and political during the 1960's; see Equal Rights Amendment.

Works Progress Administration- government agency under the new deal plan that hired people for civic improvemnet jobs.

writ of habeas corpus- order that requires a prisoner be brought before a court to be decided that the prisoner is held lawfully.

X

xenophobia- fear of foreigners or strangers




Y

Yalta Conference- world war II meeting where the soviet union was forced to allow free elections in western Europe.

Z

Zimmerman Note- letter from German Foreign minister, to Mexico asking them to join the German side against the U.S.